The Trials and Tribulations of Hiring a Ghost Writer ? A Guide

You have heard that one of the very best ways to get exposure for your online business is to write and distribute your own articles. Another exceptional method to get exposure for your business is to create and develop your own ezine/newsletter.
CROSSING THE BRIDGE OF THE DECISION
For a lot of people, knowing [...]

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Written on February 26th, 2013
Read more articles on Become a writer.

You have heard that one of the very best ways to get exposure for your online business is to write and distribute your own articles. Another exceptional method to get exposure for your business is to create and develop your own ezine/newsletter.

CROSSING THE BRIDGE OF THE DECISION

For a lot of people, knowing that these two methods are as effective as they are leads the decision to get started. Once the decision to get started has been made, the only decision left to make is to decide on a topic that will gain the webmaster the best results for his or her time. Once this marketing decision has been made, the webmaster will sit down and get to work creating articles or their newsletter.

For other people, deciding on the topic is only the beginning of the agony in the process.

DO YOU HAVE THE ABILITY TO WRITE YOUR OWN MATERIALS?

I have heard the arguments many times before? ?I am not a writer. I cannot do that. It is not an option for me.?

My brother used to tell me that he could not be a writer? That was many years ago when I first started my own online business.

I always told him what I had always told everyone else. I told him that if he can have a conversation with another human being, then he could write. I told him that he should write as he speaks. And, when he was finished with his story, he should use Microsoft Word to spellcheck his work. MS Word can serve as a steady crutch for most people who don?t have good grammar or spelling skills.

I have always said that most people do not lack the skills to become a decent writer. What they lack is the confidence in their own ability to communicate well with others.

SURPRISE, SURPRISE, SURPRISE!

Three years down the road, I was talking to my mom on the phone and she mentioned that my brother was ghost writing for other people. Imagine my shock in learning that I could not talk him into writing for profit, and then he came to do it on his own. In fact, it turns out that he used ghost writing to pay for his living expenses while he went back to college to finish his master?s degree.

DECIDING ON A GHOST WRITER

For those people who just cannot believe in their own skills, or those who simply do not have the time to write for themselves, many look to a ghost writer to help produce materials for the promotion of their businesses.

Many challenges face those who make the decision to pursue employing a ghost writer.

* Price of Service

Too many clients lose the battle of selecting a good ghost writer by putting too much emphasis on the cost of the service being provided.

Let?s face it, different writer?s demand different prices. More often than not, the price of the service is a strong indicator of the value of the work being provided.

* Writing Skills and Commitment of Writer

Just because they tell you they are a professional writer, does not mean that they will do professional work when you pay for them to do so.

Even I have hired other writers to help me to fill client orders. And from personal experience, I can share with you that getting ?writing samples? from writers is not always a good indicator of the skills or commitment of the writer who wants your job.

When I hire a writer to do a job because I don?t have the time to do it myself, and then I spend more time editing the work than I would have spent creating the work, there is a problem. I have taken losses on several jobs because the writers I had hired to help me had done such crappy work.

* Ability of Writer to Match Client Needs

A skilled ghost writer can match the needs of any client, on any topic. A skilled ghost writer is also a skilled researcher. When they do not know the topic that they have been employed to write about, they will do the necessary research to learn the topic and to turn out a good product.

* Good Communication Between Client and Writer

The ability of both the client and writer to communicate with one another is vital. The client must clearly communicate to the writer their needs and desires for the finished product.

A skilled ghost writer is not necessarily a mind reader, and he or she should not be expected to be one.

If you want to hire a ghost writer who does not want to speak with you about what you actually want in your ghost written work, then move on to a writer who will take the time to communicate with you. The writer should know in advance what message you want to communicate with your readers and any quirks or considerations you want to use in those communications.

Your ghost writer is your mouthpiece, so your ghost writer should know as much about you as possible, and they should know how you would like to see your information communicated.

* Editing Process

Since the ghost writer you hire is your ?paid mouthpiece?, they should be able to communicate your message in a way that you believe they should. If you have communicated with your writer well, editing will be a quick and painless process. Your writer will send you the final edit, and you will sign off on it or ask for a couple of minor fixes.

If you have not communicated your ideas with the writer well, or you have simply selected the wrong ghost writer to handle your job, then the editing process can become very painful.

The writer?s commitment to task is determined sometimes by the level of pay that you are offering to the writer, and more often, it is indicative of the writer?s integrity. Keep in mind that if you have forced the writer to accept a pay level inconsistent with what they believe their skills are worth, you will pay for that decision in the quality of work you receive from them and in the process of bringing the final product to the level of professionalism you wish to convey to your readers.

If you find that you have to hire someone else to edit the final product to taste, then either you will have failed to pay your writer well, you will have failed to communicate with your writer well, or you will have done a terrible job in selecting the most appropriate writer for your job.

When all is said and done, there are literally thousands of people out there who try to pass themselves off as professional writers, and then there are thousands more who are exceptional writers who will be good for your tasks.

PRE-WRITTEN ARTICLES ARE ANOTHER GOOD OPTION

If you shop around, you can find companies that offer pre-written articles that you can purchase full- or partial- rights to use for your purposes. Some companies will sell the same pre-written article to dozens of people, and some companies will sell one article to only one person.

The primary advantage in buying a pre-written article is that you will not have to suffer the process of selecting and employing the right ghost writer for your task. With a pre-written article catalog, you can go in and look at articles that have already been written, and if you like it, you can buy it on the spot.

Most often, pre-written articles are a lower cost option than having articles custom written for you.

About the author:
Bill Platt is the owner of thePhantomWriters.com In July of 2005, TPW officially restarted its ghost writing activities. You can shop their Catalog of Pre-Written Articles and rest assured that they will not sell an article to anyone but you. If you write your own articles, you can use Bill?s article distribution service to get your reprint articles distributed to 17.000+ publishers and webmasters. http://thePhantomWriters.com

Written on February 26th, 2013
Read more articles on Become a writer.

Source: http://www.copywritinghelp.net/become-a-writer/the-trials-and-tribulations-of-hiring-a-ghost-writer-a-guide-4/

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Allison Miller: 'You Don't Play Like a Girl': Queer in a Jazz World

All female musicians go through a hazing period, an eye-opening moment when they first observe the extracurricular activities and conversations that go down offstage in the music business. Thanks to my first drum teacher, Walter Salb, I got my hazing period over with at age 14. Walt always said, "If you can deal with me, then you can deal with anyone in this business." He was right! I didn't just learn how to play paradiddles from him. I learned how to curse like a sailor, volley and one-up sarcastic insults with speed and precision (with beer in one hand and a whiskey in the other) and demean women with vulgar prowess. I also learned how to "man up" and show no emotion. This was all fine and dandy with me. I loved it. I was a little tomboy drummer, obsessed with jazz, who hadn't quite discovered her sexuality. I would just hang out at Walt's house, practicing the drums, cursing, drinking, talking shit and listening to old jazz records. My sexist vulgarity quickly surpassed most of the boys'.

Time went on, and I went away to college, kept practicing those drums, honed my crassness, sharpened my drinking skills and enthusiastically discovered that I was a big fat homo. I now had two love affairs in my life: jazz and women. Historically, jazz and women make a classic combination. But being a woman and loving jazz and women? Not so classic. The dichotomy of the two felt absolutely ridiculous. I spent my days transcribing Miles Davis solos and my nights chasing girls. Let me make one thing clear: My sexuality, at this point, was absolutely one-dimensional. I had no awareness of feminism, equality or politics. I was interested in sex only, and I could still one-up the boys with a dirty joke.

After college I moved to the jazz capital of the world, New York City. I had no idea that it was also the gay capital of the world. How fabulous! I met gays unlike any gays I had ever encountered. Gays fighting for equal rights. Gays who were interested in more than just accumulating notches on their belts. I quickly got schooled in feminism, gay rights and gay subculture. Righteous queer female artists and activists flooded into my life: BETTY, Toshi Reagon, Ani DiFranco, Gloria Steinem, Animal, Melissa Ferrick, Indigo Girls, Staceyann Chin. I was taken to the mecca of all feminist festivals, the Michigan Womyn's Music Festival. I slowly but surely became a full-fledged lesbian feminist.

Now what was I to do with this new identity? How was it going to fit into my life as a touring jazz musician? The jazz world is a boys' club. How would I continue to play the music I loved while being a radical lesbian feminist? How was I supposed to be one of the boys when I was realizing how powerful I felt as a woman?

I began to feel oppressed while on the road playing the music I loved. I was starving for the company of like-minded feminists. I became increasingly aware of the damaging implications underneath every chauvinist comment or joke. I started feeling internal conflict and guilt if I participated in post-show examinations of the physical attributes or deficiencies of women we'd seen in the audience.

I went from actively participating in the dirty joke to keeping my mouth shut and feeling silenced and invisible, and from that to losing all humor and wanting to march on Washington every time anyone said anything, even complimentary things, about women. I didn't know how to be all of myself. How could I speak up without the fear of being the lesbian feminist buzzkill?

So, risking not being liked, I started speaking up and challenging men when they crossed that line from funny to sexist. Surprisingly, a lot of them were receptive to my challenges, and the ones who weren't just stopped calling me, which was fine by me. There are fewer of those guys than you would imagine. For the most part, the jazz world is not as conservative as I thought it was. But believe me, when someone needs to be called out, I'm happy to do it.

Today I know who I am. I am a fully integrated person. That's sort of the key to feeling like you "belong." I can be my whole self everywhere I go -- unapologetically. I'm at home in the jazz and the feminist communities. They aren't so separate for me now. I can exist happily in both -- and I need them both to exist.

Honestly, it's hard to be a woman in this business. I have to prove myself over and over again. So many people have said to me, "You don't play like a girl!" They think it's a compliment. But actually, I do play like a girl. This is what girls play like. People hear with their eyes: They see a "girl" and are surprised when they hear the power and prowess that they associate with "boys." By getting onstage and throwing down while looking the way I do, I am breaking stereotypes. I am a woman. I am a dyke. I am a tomboy. I play jazz.

?

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Source: http://www.huffingtonpost.com/allison-miller/you-dont-play-like-a-girl-queer-in-a-jazz-world_b_2769544.html

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Little telescope to hunt big game: hard-to-see near-Earth asteroids

Canada's NEOSSat space telescope was launched Monday atop an Indian rocket. It will monitor two groups of asteroids whose proximity to the sun makes them hard to see from Earth.

By Pete Spotts,?Staff writer / February 25, 2013

In this frame grab made from dashboard camera video shows the Chelyabinsk asteroid on Feb. 15, about 930 miles east of Moscow. Efforts to discover near-Earth asteroids received a potential boost Monday with the launch of Canada's NEOSSat space telescope.

AP Video/AP

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Efforts to discover near-Earth asteroids ? including those that are potentially hazardous ? received a potential boost Monday with the launch of the Canadian Space Agency's Near Earth Object Surveillance Satellite (NEOSSat).

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Housed in a spacecraft the size of a large suitcase, the space telescope physically is a munchkin among behemoths. Its light-gathering mirror is only about 6 inches across.

But from its orbit nearly 500 miles above Earth, NEOSSat will be able to view faint near-Earth asteroids in a region of space that is tough for terrestrial telescopes to tackle.

The $25 million NEOSSat mission is one of seven satellites the Indian Space Agency lofted Monday aboard a single rocket launched from the Satish Dhawan Space Center, some 50 miles north of Chennal, on India's east coast.

Ground stations have made contact with NEOSSat, "and the basics are green," says Alan Hildebrand, a researcher at the University of Calgary in Alberta and the project's lead scientist.

To date, astronomers say they have discovered between 90 and 95 percent of the approximately 1,000 near-Earth asteroids estimated to be larger than half a mile across.

In 2005, Congress instructed NASA to hunt for smaller asteroids ? setting a goal of finding 90 percent of near-Earth asteroids 500 feet wide and larger by 2020.

But as the Chelyabinsk asteroid demonstrated on Feb. 15, objects far smaller can inflict damage. At about 55 feet across, and with a mass estimated at 10,000 tons, the asteroid exploded high over the Ural mountains. The shock waves damaged an estimated 4,300 buildings and injured nearly 1,500 people.

With tens of millions of objects this size orbiting the sun, the recurrence rate for collisions with a Chelyabinsk-like object averages once every 100 years, according to Paul Chodas, with NASA's Near-Earth Objects Program Office at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory in Pasadena, Calif.

Source: http://rss.csmonitor.com/~r/feeds/csm/~3/jVBeXVAp1AE/Little-telescope-to-hunt-big-game-hard-to-see-near-Earth-asteroids

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EA preps 'single identity' system to bridge gaming experiences across platforms

Now that EA has gotten Origin for both Windows and Mac under its belt, it's clued GamesBeat into its plans for a cross-platform account system that's taken 1,500 engineers 18 months to build. With the "single identity" solution, gamers can play games tied to their accounts, find friends currently online and join up for multiplayer, message fellow users and access save states across platforms ranging from consoles and smartphones to tablets and social networks. Of course, the business side comes into play too: by keeping tabs on users, Electronic Arts could make better game recommendations and boost its marketing's effectiveness. As of now, there's no word on when the system will find its way into your gaming.

Filed under: Gaming

Comments

Source: GamesBeat

Source: http://www.engadget.com/2013/02/26/ea-prepping-single-identity-system-crossplatform/

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Scientists find bone-marrow environment that helps produce infection-fighting T and B cells

Feb. 24, 2013 ? The Children's Medical Center Research Institute at UT Southwestern has deepened the understanding of the environment within bone marrow that nurtures stem cells, this time identifying the biological setting for specialized blood-forming cells that produce the infection-fighting white blood cells known as T cells and B cells.

The research found that cells called early lymphoid progenitors, which are responsible for producing T cells and B cells, thrive in an environment known as an osteoblastic niche. The investigation, published online February 24 in Nature and led by Dr. Sean Morrison, also establishes a promising approach for scientists to map the entire blood-forming system.

Scientists already know how to manufacture large quantities of stem cells that give rise to the nervous system, skin, and other tissues. But they have been unable to make blood-forming stem cells in a laboratory, in part because of a lack of understanding about the niche in which blood-forming stem cells and other progenitor cells reside in the body.

"We believe this research moves us one step closer toward the development of cell therapies in the blood-forming system that don't exist today," said Dr. Morrison, Director of the Institute and Professor of Pediatrics at UT Southwestern Medical Center. "In understanding the environments for blood-forming stem cells and those of different kinds of progenitor cells, we can work toward reproducing those environments in the lab and growing cells that can be transplanted to treat a host of medical conditions."

These findings eventually may help increase the safety and effectiveness of bone-marrow transplants, such as those needed after healthy marrow is destroyed by radiation or chemotherapy treatments for childhood leukemia, Dr. Morrison said. The findings also may have implications for treating illnesses associated with loss of infection-fighting cells, such as HIV and severe combined immunodeficiency disease, better known as bubble boy disease.

The Nature study augments earlier work by Dr. Morrison and his team that showed endothelial cells and perivascular cells lining the blood vessels in the bone marrow create the environment that maintains haematopoietic stem cells, which produce billions of new blood cells every day. The latest study shows that bone-forming cells create the environment that maintains early lymphoid progenitors.

"Our research documents that there are different niches, or microenvironments, for blood-forming stem cells and restricted progenitors in the bone marrow," Dr. Morrison said. "One way that bone marrow makes different kinds of blood-forming cells is by compartmentalizing them into different neighborhoods within the marrow."

The researchers identified niches for stem cells and early lymphoid progenitors by determining which cells are the sources of a growth factor (CXCL12) necessary for the proliferation of those two populations of blood-forming cells. By taking the same approach for other growth factors in the bone marrow, researchers should be able to map the niches for every kind of blood-forming progenitor cell in the bone marrow, Dr. Morrison said.

The UTSW paper's first author is Dr. Lei Ding, a former postdoctoral research fellow at the Children's Research Institute and the Howard Hughes Medical Institute (HHMI) at UT Southwestern. Dr. Ding is now an assistant professor at Columbia University.

Research support came from the HHMI and the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute.

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Story Source:

The above story is reprinted from materials provided by UT Southwestern Medical Center.

Note: Materials may be edited for content and length. For further information, please contact the source cited above.

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Journal Reference:

1. Lei Ding, Sean J. Morrison. Haematopoietic stem cells and early lymphoid progenitors occupy distinct bone marrow niches. Nature, 2013; DOI: 10.1038/nature11885

Note: If no author is given, the source is cited instead.

Disclaimer: This article is not intended to provide medical advice, diagnosis or treatment. Views expressed here do not necessarily reflect those of ScienceDaily or its staff.

Source: http://feeds.sciencedaily.com/~r/sciencedaily/top_news/~3/IFzoJpE0Wvk/130224142913.htm

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Tracing pollution links to asthma, allergy

Bad air tied to disabled immune-regulating cells

By Nathan Seppa

Web edition: February 25, 2013

SAN ANTONIO ? Bad actors in air pollution may contribute to asthma and allergy by subverting protective cells in the body that tone down immune reactions, researchers report. The pollution components also seem to rev up overactive immune warriors ? already linked to allergies ? that need no such prompting.

The airborne culprits are polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, or PAHs, the products of incomplete burning of fuel in diesel engines, furnaces, wood fires, wildfires and even barbeque grills. Air pollution has been tied to asthma and allergy in past research, but the link between PAHs and these immune problems is still unclear.

In the new report, researchers show that children exposed to high levels of PAHs had poorly functioning T-regulatory cells, or T-regs, which normally ratchet down immune-caused inflammation as needed. ?T-regs are peacekeeper cells,? says Kari Nadeau, a physician and biochemist at Stanford University, who presented the findings February 23 at a meeting of the American Academy of Allergy, Asthma and Immunology. ?But in asthma, T-regs are impaired.?

The team also found that kids exposed to a lot of PAHs made excess amounts of an antibody called immunoglobulin E, or IgE. The IgE antibody normally helps the body fight parasites. But in developed countries, where parasitic infections are largely a thing of the past, IgE has become better known for its role in allergy. The body often cranks out IgE as part of a misguided immune reaction against noninfectious substances in the environment. IgE also shows up in asthma, which can be triggered by allergy.

To study the effect of air pollution on these immune players, Nadeau and her colleagues obtained blood tests, lung function readings and health information from 153 children, median age 14, in Fresno, Calif. The researchers used airborne PAH sampling to estimate exposure to PAHs, and chose Fresno because of its relatively high air pollution levels. Children with high exposure to PAHs, based on air sampling in and around their homes, made high amounts of IgE and had lower T-reg function than children exposed to low levels. High PAH exposure during the most recent three months was linked to 51 percent higher risk of being diagnosed with asthma.

?I think this is a very interesting and thought-provoking study,? says Todd Rambasek, an allergist at Ohio University in Athens. He notes that other studies had linked air pollution with asthma and allergy but failed to discern between PAH and ozone or particulate matter that could contribute to the conditions.

Nadeau also reported that consistent PAH exposure coincided with changes in a gene called Foxp3. As reported in Nature in 2010, Foxp3 seems to be a master regulator of T-reg populations in the body. Unfortunately, Nadeau says, the changes observed in the Foxp3 gene seem irreversible and widespread.

The asthma rate is 22 percent among children in Fresno, Nadeau says, compared with 12 percent in the United States as a whole. Up to 70 percent of people in Fresno have an allergy, she notes, more than double the average lifetime risk of having an allergy in California. The new study adds PAHs to a known pollution problem in the area: in 2012, Fresno County had the second-highest number of days with unhealthy air particulate matter among California counties.

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Citations

E. Noth et al. A spatial-temporal regression model to predict daily outdoor residential PAH concentrations in an epidemiological study in Fresno, CA. Atmospheric Environment. Vol. 45, May 2011, p. 2394. doi:10.1016/j.atmosenv.2011.02.014. [Go to]

A. Walker et al. Exposure to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons is associated with higher levels of total IgE, decreased function of T regulatory cells and an increase of asthma occurrence in children. Abstract #197. American Academy of Allergy, Asthma and Immunology meeting. San Antonio, Texas, February 22-26, 2013.

Y. Zheng et al. Role of conserved non-coding DNA elements in the Foxp3 gene in regulatory T cell fate. Nature. Vol. 463, February 11, 2010, p. 808. doi:10.1038/nature08750. [Go to]

Source: http://www.sciencenews.org/view/generic/id/348592/title/Tracing_pollution_links_to_asthma_allergy

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Governors press for alternative to impending spending cuts

WASHINGTON (Reuters) - Less than a week before billions of dollars of U.S. spending cuts are set to begin, governors meeting in Washington ratcheted up the pressure on Congress and President Barack Obama to find an alternative to the reductions and give states more say in bringing down the federal debt.

"I certainly join the chorus of voices that are calling for that administration and members of Congress to come together and find more responsible cuts," said Indiana Governor Mike Pence, a Republican who served in the House of Representatives during the 2011 negotiations that led to the cuts.

Congress is expected to return to work on Monday to try to forge an agreement on avoiding the cuts, which are known as sequester or sequestration and are intended to save $1.2 trillion over 10 years. At the end of 2012, lawmakers decided to push the sequester's start date back to March 1 from January 1.

Hawaii Governor Neil Abercrombie, a Democrat who served in the House of Representatives for nearly 20 years, anticipates they will decide again to delay the start of the process.

"I think there will be a push-off," he said on Saturday. "But what will happen is some deep breaths will be taken, some real soul-searching will take place about what the political implications are going to be if this happens again and again. And I think a more long-term resolution ... will take place."

Republican and Democratic governors agree the federal government must shrink the deficit. They have already met with the White House and lawmakers in the first two months of 2013 to discuss sequestration alternatives.

In those meetings "We said, look we all know we've got to suffer a little bit together to get this ship righted," said Arkansas Governor Mike Beebe, a Democrat. "We're willing to take our share, but we don't want to take more than our share."

They are asking that any plan addressing the deficit should also help states save money, give them flexibility in deciding which areas to cut in their states, and not shift costs onto their budgets, said Governor Mary Fallin, a Republican from Oklahoma.

Sequestration was designed as a threat by Congress, which set itself a deadline in the fall of 2011 to agree on spending reductions. Because it missed the deadline, a scheme of automatic cuts decided by formula kicked in.

"We should all remember that sequestration was originally designed by Congress as something so odious, so repellant that it would force both sides into a compromise," said Governor John Hickenlooper of Colorado, a Democrat. "There can be no question that this is something nobody wants."

'DOUBLE WHAMMY'

During and after the 2007-09 recession, states' revenues plummeted to lows not seen in decades, while newly jobless and homeless residents turned to the their governments for help. Only in the last year have their revenues returned to pre-recession levels and spending demands eased. Many governors see sequestration as a threat to their slowly improving economies.

The two main sources of federal money for states - Medicaid, the healthcare program states run with federal reimbursements, and highway funding - are exempt from sequestration.

The remaining programs that are subject to sequestration directly provide on average 6.6 percent of states' revenues, according to Pew Center on the States. In South Dakota, they provide 10.3 percent.

The federal government, by employing people and buying goods and services, also plays an indirect role in states' economic fortunes.

On average, federal spending on procurement, salaries and wages within a state represents 5.3 percent of its gross domestic product, according to Pew. For Virginia, Washington, D.C. and Maryland, federal spending has the most economic impact, making up 19.7 percent of their GDP.

For federal defense spending, the average is 3.5 percent of state GDP, with Hawaii having the highest at 14.6 percent.

An analysis by Wells Fargo Securities Economics Group last week found that under sequestration states close to the nation's capital and in the South "will be the hardest hit, while states in the Midwest and the West Coast will likely be impacted to a lesser extent."

Governor Peter Shumlin, of Vermont, who also heads the Democratic Governors Association, called the reduced direct funds and potentially harmful economic effects a "double whammy."

"I have no idea what they're going to do down here," he said about Congress reaching an agreement. "All I can tell you is that the President ... seems quite convinced they're actually willing to push the button and undermine the economic recovery and prosperity that we're seeing in our states."

Democratic and Republican governors alike say statehouses and businesses have been left with too much uncertainty as the country approaches sequestration. Federal agencies are only now disclosing where they will cut spending and reduce work forces.

Fallin has pushed since the summer for an alternative and also does not want sequestration repeatedly postponed.

"Do the least harm and give us the flexibility," she said. "It is not good to have the sequester talk every couple of months."

(Editing by Eric Walsh)

Source: http://news.yahoo.com/governors-press-alternative-impending-spending-cuts-005657999.html

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Washington DC (USA): Deux camerounais arret?s par la Police am?ricaine pour trafic de cartes de cr?dit

Lucien Guy Etobil (L) and Herman Ndonue (R)
Photo: ? Police americaine

Deux ans d'enqu?te, d'infiltration et de traque num?rique auront ?t? n?cessaires ? ce vaste coup de filet. La police am?ricaine a annonc?, jeudi dernier, avoir arr?t? deux individus d'origines camerounaises ? Bellevue, pres de Nashville, dans l'Etat du Tennessee. ?g?s de 50 et 26 ans, ils sont tous les deux accus?s de trafic de donn?es des cartes de cr?dits bancaires et risquent jusqu'? 40 ans de prison pour fraude informatique et falsification.

Selon le quotidien Hawaii News Now, Lucien Guy Etobil, 50 ans, residant a Silver Spring dans le Maryland et Herman Ndonue, 26 ans, residant a Hyattsville, dans le Maryland egalement, ont ?t? pris la main dans le sac en possession de 50 cartes de cr?dits American Express et Visa frauduleuses enfouies dans des bo?tes de cigarettes lors d'un contr?le de routine de la police sur l'autoroute I-40.

Les deux occupants du v?hicule suspect, tous deux Camerounais, infirmiers de profession, ont jou? la partition de ceux qui ne savent rien. ?On n'?tait pas au courant, on a lou? la voiture pour faire nos courses?, assurent Lucien Guy Etobil, et Herman Ndonue. L'instruction n'a pas pu confirmer ce d?tail.

Une perquisition dans leur chambre d'h?tel a permis ? la police de retrouver un important stock de cartes de cr?dits

Les deux hommes m?ditent actuellement leur sort dans les cellules de la Police M?tropolitaine de Washington. Ils sont pour l'instant accus?s de simulation criminelle. D'autres charges devraient ?tre retenues contre eux dans les prochaines heures, selon la police.

Source: http://cameroon-info.net/cmi_show_news.php?id=41946

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Jewish settlers, Palestinians clash in West Bank

JERUSALEM (AP) ? A Palestinian medic says a 24-year-old demonstrator was shot in the stomach during clashes between Jewish settlers and Palestinians in the West Bank village of Kusra. The Israeli military could not immediately confirm the report.

The medic, who says the demonstrator is in serious condition, requested anonymity, because he was not authorized to speak to media.

A military spokeswoman says about 150 Palestinians and 25 Jewish settlers hurled rocks at each other Saturday, and Israeli forces tried to disperse them.

The clashes come amid mounting tension in the West Bank where there has been a rise in demonstrations against Israel's policies toward Palestinians, and in support Palestinian prisoners who are conducting hunger strikes in Israeli jails.

Source: http://news.yahoo.com/jewish-settlers-palestinians-clash-west-bank-132532723.html

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Oscar Taveras Returns To MDR Sports

? Rangers Notes: Theriot, Ryan, Hamilton | Main | Quick Hits: Hernandez, Morneau, Blue Jays, McClellan ?

By Zach Links [February 22, 2013 at 8:27pm CST]

Cardinals prospect Oscar Taveras has returned to MDR Sports and longtime agent Melvin Roman, according to Jon Heyman of CBSSports.com (on Twitter). ?The 20-year-old left Roman's company in late January to join up with Rob Plummer but it would seem that he has had a change of heart.

Taveras is universally regarded as one of the top prospects in all of baseball with most prospect gurus having him in their top three. ?The outfielder reached Double-A last year and could join the Cards' varsity squad in?2013. ?In 531 plate appearances last season, Taveras posted a?.321/.380/.572 slash line with 23 home runs.

For agency info on over 1,700 players, check out MLBTR's Agency Database. Agents: if you've got a 40-man roster player or top prospect whose representation is not correctly noted, we welcome corrections at mlbtrdatabase@gmail.com.

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Source: http://feedproxy.google.com/~r/MlbTradeRumors/~3/zfv-zC-OcKs/oscar-taveras-returns-to-mdr-sports.html

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Afghan cabinet gives preliminary approval to delayed mining law

KABUL (Reuters) - Afghanistan's cabinet gave preliminary approval to a long-delayed package of laws to govern mining, which officials hope will become a key driver of the troubled country's economy, the government said on Saturday.

The news will be greeted with relief by Western donors, who committed to provide $4bn in aid from 2012 to 2015 based partly on projections of future mining earnings, only to see cabinet reject the legislation in July due to concern the laws failed to protect national interests from foreign exploitation.

The draft legislation is now almost ready to be put to parliament, a statement from the office of Administrative Affairs and Council of Ministers Secretariat said.

Cabinet should give full approval in a second meeting on Monday, Afghan President Hamid Karzai's office said.

The ability of Afghanistan - regularly cited as among the world's poorest and most corrupt countries - to create mining revenues over the next decade is considered key to its survival.

The Afghan government said last year that oil and mining could contribute up $1.5 billion in revenue by 2016, but delays to the legislation's passage and ongoing concerns about insecurity have cast a pall over expectations.

The U.S. and other foreign donors were caught by surprise when the draft legislation was rejected by cabinet ministers and other senior officials. Karzai appeared to support the decision at the time, calling for the laws to be reviewed to ensure they better protected "the national interests of Afghanistan."

The latest announcement will be greeted with relief by foreign mining companies seeking to invest in what the U.S. government has estimated as over US$1 trillion in untapped natural resources.

Government officials have previously said that once the package of laws is passed by cabinet, approval by parliament, which is due to return in the first week of March, could be reached within three to four weeks.

The laws aim to bring tender procedures into line with international norms and create regulations for employment, infrastructure and environmental protection, Afghan officials have previously told Reuters.

Afghanistan is believed to have rich deposits of gold, oil, copper, iron and other minerals and gemstones. A briefing paper released by the Pentagon in 2010 said the main resources were iron ore with an estimated value of $421 billion and copper deposits valued at $273 billion.

(Reporting by Mirwais Harooni; Writing by Dylan Welch; Editing by Jason Webb)

Source: http://news.yahoo.com/afghan-cabinet-gives-preliminary-approval-delayed-mining-law-183250293--business.html

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Gov't downsizes amid GOP demands for more cuts

WASHINGTON (AP) -- Republicans and other fiscal conservatives keep insisting on more federal austerity and a smaller government. Without much fanfare or acknowledgement, they've already gotten much of both.

Spending by federal, state and local governments on payrolls, equipment, buildings, teachers, emergency workers, defense programs and other core governmental functions has been shrinking steadily since the deep 2007-2009 recession and as the anemic recovery continues.

This recent shrinkage has largely been obscured by an increase in spending on benefit payments to individuals under "entitlement" programs, including Social Security, Medicare, Medicaid and veterans benefits. Retiring baby boomers are driving much of this increase.

Another round of huge cuts ? known in Washington parlance as the "sequester" ? will hit beginning March 1, potentially meaning layoffs for hundreds of thousands of federal workers unless Congress and President Barack Obama can strike a deficit-reduction deal to avert them.

With the deadline only a week off, Obama and Republicans who control the House are far apart over how to resolve the deadlock. While last-minute budget deals are frequent in Washington, neither side is optimistic of reaching one this time.

Even as the private sector has been slowly adding jobs, governments have been shedding them, holding down overall employment gains and keeping the jobless rate close to 8 percent, compared with normal non-recessionary levels of 5 to 6 percent that have prevailed since the 1950s.

"It's a massive drag on the economy. We lost three-quarter million public-sector jobs in the recovery," said economist Heidi Shierholz of the labor-friendly Economic Policy Institute. "We're still losing government jobs, although the pace has slowed. But we haven't turned around yet."

A larger-than-usual decline in federal spending, notably on defense programs, helped push the economy into negative territory in the final three months of 2012. Economic growth, meanwhile, has been inching along at a weak 1-2 percent ? not enough to significantly further drive down the national unemployment rate, which now stands at 7.9 percent.

Although federal spending is projected to decline from 22.8 percent of the gross domestic product recorded last year to 21.5 percent by 2017, it still will exceed the 40-year-average of 21.0 percent, according to the nonpartisan Congressional Budget Office. Spending peaked at 25.2 percent of GDP in 2009.

The budget office also said the economy is roughly 5.5 percent smaller than it would have been had there been no recession.

The Defense Department already has made deep spending cuts, and outgoing Defense Secretary Leon Panetta said 800,000 civilian Pentagon employees were notified this week they likely are to be placed on periods of unpaid leave due to lawmakers' failure to act.

The recent downsizing in government is most pronounced at the state and local levels. Most states have constitutional or statutory requirements for balanced budgets.

That means nearly all states are prohibited from running budget deficits, while the federal government is not.

Not only can the federal government run deficits, but it can print money ? through actions by the Federal Reserve ? something states are prohibited from doing.

Those calling for a smaller government mostly don't take notice of the wave of recent cutbacks. Their clarion call remains Ronald Reagan's mantra: Government doesn't solve problems, it is the problem.

"This spending issue is the biggest issue that threatens our future," House Speaker John Boehner, R-Ohio, says. "When are we going to get serious about our long-term spending problem?"

And Florida Sen. Marco Rubio of Florida, delivering the GOP response to Obama's State of the Union address, said "a major cause of our recent downturn was a housing crisis created by reckless government policies."

Soaring recent government deficits are partially a side effect of the worst recession since the 1930s, which took a huge bite out of tax revenues at the same time spending increased on recession-fighting programs like unemployment compensation and stimulus measures under both Presidents George W. Bush and Obama.

"The problem going forward is one of demographics and rising health care. It is the baby boom generation retiring," said Alice Rivlin, a White House budget director under President Bill Clinton. "It's the fact that everybody is living longer."

Republicans argue that entitlement programs should be on the cutting board as well as other government programs. Democrats generally have been more protective of them, although the president and many congressional Democrats acknowledge some paring of these popular programs is in order.

The federal budget deficit for the fiscal year ending Sept. 30 is estimated to be $845 billion ? the first time it's dropped below $1 trillion in five years. But it's on track to rise again as more and more baby boomers retire and qualify for federal benefits and as interest payments on the national debt keep going up.

The national debt first inched past $1 trillion early in the Reagan administration and has grown in leaps and bounds ever since through both Democratic and Republican presidencies. It now stands at $16.6 trillion and is on a path toward soon becoming unsustainable, both parties agree.

Unchecked, entitlement payments will add roughly $700 billion to the debt over the next four years.

For now, though, "the economy is continuing to heal from the worst economic downturn since the Great Depression," top White House economic adviser Alan Krueger says.

Under the sequester law, roughly $85 billion in federal spending would be slashed in the remaining seven months of this fiscal year and a total of $1.2 trillion in cuts over 10 years.

While entitlement programs and uniformed military personnel would be exempt, the rest of the government would be hit with indiscriminate across-the-board cuts.

Obama wants government deficits trimmed through a mix of selective spending cuts and new tax revenues, mostly by ending deductions and tax credits frequently claimed by the wealthiest Americans.

Republicans oppose any new taxes, even if for closing loopholes rather than increasing rates.

The looming spending cuts were first scheduled to take effect on Jan. 1. But they were postponed to March 1 as part of year-end "fiscal cliff" negotiations that also raised tax rates on affluent Americans. Republicans insist that's enough tax increasing for now.

___

Follow Tom Raum on Twitter: http://www.twitter.com/tomraum

Source: http://news.yahoo.com/govt-downsizes-amid-gop-demands-082533515.html

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F-35 fleet grounded after engine crack found

FILE -This undated photo provided by Northrop Grumman Corp., shows a pre-production model of the F-35 Joint Strike Fighter. The Pentagon on Friday grounded its fleet of F-35 fighter jets after discovering a cracked engine blade in one plane. The problem was discovered during what the Pentagon called a routine inspection at Edwards Air Force Base, California, of an F-35A, the Air Force version of the sleek new plane. The Navy and the Marine Corps are buying other versions of the F-35, which is intended to replace older fighters like the Air Force F-16 and the Navy F/A-18. All versions , a total of 51 planes , were grounded Friday, Feb. 22, 2013 pending a more in-depth evaluation of the problem discovered at Edwards. None of the planes have been fielded for combat operations; all are undergoing testing.AP Photo/Northrop Grumman, File) no sales

FILE -This undated photo provided by Northrop Grumman Corp., shows a pre-production model of the F-35 Joint Strike Fighter. The Pentagon on Friday grounded its fleet of F-35 fighter jets after discovering a cracked engine blade in one plane. The problem was discovered during what the Pentagon called a routine inspection at Edwards Air Force Base, California, of an F-35A, the Air Force version of the sleek new plane. The Navy and the Marine Corps are buying other versions of the F-35, which is intended to replace older fighters like the Air Force F-16 and the Navy F/A-18. All versions , a total of 51 planes , were grounded Friday, Feb. 22, 2013 pending a more in-depth evaluation of the problem discovered at Edwards. None of the planes have been fielded for combat operations; all are undergoing testing.AP Photo/Northrop Grumman, File) no sales

WASHINGTON (AP) ? The Pentagon on Friday grounded its fleet of F-35 fighter jets after discovering a cracked engine blade in one plane.

The problem was discovered during what the Pentagon called a routine inspection at Edwards Air Force Base, Calif., of an F-35A, the Air Force version of the sleek new plane. The Navy and the Marine Corps are buying other versions of the F-35, which is intended to replace older fighters like the Air Force F-16 and the Navy F/A-18.

All versions ? a total of 51 planes ? were grounded Friday pending a more in-depth evaluation of the problem discovered at Edwards. None of the planes have been fielded for combat operations; all are undergoing testing.

In a brief written statement, the Pentagon said it is too early to know the full impact of the newly discovered problem.

A watchdog group, the Project on Government Oversight, said the grounding is not likely to mean a significant delay in the effort to field the stealthy aircraft.

"The F-35 is a huge problem because of its growing, already unaffordable, cost and its gigantically disappointing performance," the group's Winslow Wheeler said. "That performance would be unacceptable even if the aircraft met its far-too-modest requirements, but it is not."

The F-35 is the Pentagon's most expensive weapons program at a total estimated cost of nearly $400 billion. The Pentagon envisions buying more than 2,400 F-35s, but some members of Congress are balking at the price tag.

Friday's suspension of flight operations will remain in effect until an investigation of the problem's root cause is determined.

The Pentagon said the engine in which the problem was discovered is being shipped to a Pratt & Whitney facility in Connecticut for more thorough evaluation.

Associated Press

Source: http://hosted2.ap.org/APDEFAULT/386c25518f464186bf7a2ac026580ce7/Article_2013-02-22-US-Fighter%20Jet%20Grounded/id-4d5f588721814c7aa5545ac843be6f4c

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NBC says its website is safe after security scare

BOSTON (Reuters) - U.S. media company NBC Universal said late on Thursday that its NBC.com website was safe to visit following a security scare prompted by reports that it was infected with malicious software designed for banking fraud and cyber espionage.

"A problem was identified and it has been fixed," an NBC Universal spokeswoman told Reuters. She declined to elaborate on the nature of the problem.

Earlier on Thursday, several security experts had advised Internet users to avoid the site altogether, saying it had been compromised by malicious software.

The Dutch computer security firm SurfRight said on its HitmanPro blog that the site of its NBC television network was tainted with viruses known as the Citadel and ZeroAccess that are used for banking fraud, cyber espionage and other computer crimes.

The NBC spokeswoman said she could not confirm whether any users had been infected. But she said that no account information about users of the site had been compromised.

Earlier in the day, Facebook Inc blocked users from accessing the NBC.com website following reports that the site was infected with a computer virus.

Facebook users were told "This link has been reported as abusive" on Thursday when they attempted to access the NBC.com website.

NBC is controlled by Comcast Inc, which is buying out minority owner General Electric Co.

(Reporting By Jim Finkle and Jennifer Saba; Editing by Gary Hill, Bernard Orr)

Source: http://news.yahoo.com/nbc-says-nbc-com-now-safe-visit-215417943--sector.html

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5 ac Washington State Water View lot

Price:	$ 50,000
Seller State of Residence:	California
State/Province:	Washington
City:	Port Angeles
Type:	Homesite, Lot
Zoning:	Residential
Location:	, Port Angeles, Washington

Seller's Notes:

Property is located between Port Angeles and Sequim on the Olympic Pennensula of Washington State. The water view is North toward Vancouver Island and Victoria across the Straits of Juan de Fuca. The view of Mt. Baker is to the East. The view of the building pad is toward the top of the lot. Electricity is on the property and the septic plan has been drawn. Stream on East side of property runs most of the year. At the right price, I am willing to finance. Terms would be closing costs as down pay...

Visit Listing

Popular listings in Port Angeles, Washington

Source: http://www.realgeni.com/detail/land/5-ac-Washington-State-Water-View-lot_221192897063.html

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Rape and killing of 3 young sisters unravels in India

MAHASTRA PROVIDENCE, INDIA:? Local police are up in arms after the Mahastra village became outraged following the deaths and rape(s) of three extremely young girls this week. The girls, unidentified, but aged 7,9, and 11 were found in a well deep in the heart of the remote village in which they lived.

Several police officers in the case have already been placed on leave, and replaced? by others.

We?ve got some strong, solid indications and we?re working very hard,? says the female superintendent ? who preferred to remain anonymous. The government has already offered 1million rupees to the mother of the girls, who immediately slammed the move calling it ?Irresponsible? ?No amount of money will bring my girls back?

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About Derick Goff

Lover of all things food, Trey Songz, Christiano Renaldo, and purple. I haven't yet discovered my calling in life, until then, I can be found here in Daily News. I am 18 years old. Follow me on Twitter @Bendelll. Contact me by phone for business: (251)-330-8985. We're having a 'Typing Service' special, $50 for ALL material.

Source: http://bazaardaily.com/2013/02/22/rape-and-killing-of-3-young-sisters-unravels-in-india/

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Google's big Chromebook gamble: Can it upend Windows at a high price?

Google's Chromebook has managed to be a thorn in Microsoft's Windows side with two key ingredients: Low pricing, an improving operating system and a decent cloud game. Today, the Chromebook is a poster child for good enough computing.

The launch of the Pixel today changes that equation. Now the Google-Microsoft duel will step up to another level. Google outlined hardware specs, screen pixels and other goodies, but I really only needed to see the price: $1,299 to start.

?

Also:?Chromebook Pixel from Google: Pushing the cloud to the limit?|?Google's Chromebook gains momentum: Just enough to annoy Microsoft.

Gallery: Google's new Chromebook - pretty as a Pixel

Once you get over the initial shock you realize that Google is going with high-end pricing for a few reasons. Here's the short version:

• A high-end price doesn't encroach on partners such as Asus and Samsung, who are selling cheaper Chromebooks.
• There's not much for Google to lose with a high-end Chromebook.
• And if this somewhat pricey Chromebook sells well it's going to hit the Windows ecosystem right where the margins are.

With that calculus, you'd take a flier on the Pixel too. Google said in its blog post:

With the Pixel, we set out to rethink all elements of a computer in order to design the best laptop possible, especially for power users who have fully embraced the cloud.

By going after the power user, Google is looking to go right into Microsoft's wheelhouse. Apple is also a target, but most likely a secondary concern.

What's unclear is whether power users are going to care about pixel density, touchscreen capability and swell components. On the surface, power users would go for those items. However, the catch is that you have to completely buy into Google's version of the cloud. Typically, the Chromebook means all Google---and the services with it---all the time.

Sure, Google has perks like a terabyte of Google Drive cloud storage included with the Pixel, but this Chromebook probably has a limited audience. Should Pixel grow a larger following it's going to be very dangerous.

Source: http://www.zdnet.com/googles-big-chromebook-gamble-can-it-upend-windows-at-a-high-price-7000011637/

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Liam Payne hits back at Boy George on twitter

One Direction star Liam Payne has hit back at Boy George after he insulted him on twitter.

The former Culture Club singer thanked Harry Styles for posing for a picture with his niece at a Brit Awards after party

But he added: ?B*llox's to Liam and the disrespectful w**ker of a minder!?

However, Payne replied: ?@BoyGeorge?now now boy lets not tell porkies firstly thanks for getting my name wrong three times secondly then asking me where is liam?... (sic)

?Akward then when you finally got it right saying you wanted Niall instead. if you would have asked me for a picture i would have stopped bro.

?I just did what you said and pointed niall out for you so u just keep wearing ur strange hats and enjoy yourself my little Georgie pie... It's still not cool you just look weird.?

Boy George later wrote: ?@Real_Liam_Payne You were rude but whatever! Everyone wants a piece of you! I get it. I bet Debbie Harry is fuming!?

One Direction picked up the Global Success gong at the Brit Awards and performed their Red Nose Day charity single.

This article is powered by Well Contented Ltd

Source: http://entertainment.stv.tv/showbiz/214954-liam-payne-hits-back-at-boy-george-on-twitter/

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Resveratrol shows promise to protect hearing, cognition

Feb. 20, 2013 ? Resveratrol, a substance found in red grapes and red wine, may have the potential to protect against hearing and cognitive decline, according to a published laboratory study from Henry Ford Hospital in Detroit.

The study shows that healthy rats are less likely to suffer the long-term effects of noise-induced hearing loss when given resveratrol before being exposed to loud noise for a long period of time.

"Our latest study focuses on resveratrol and its effect on bioinflammation, the body's response to injury and something that is believed to be the cause of many health problems including Alzheimer's disease, cancer, aging and hearing loss," says study lead author Michael D. Seidman, director of the Division of Otologic/Neurotologic Surgery in the Department of Otolaryngology-Head & Neck Surgery at Henry Ford Hospital.

"Resveratrol is a very powerful chemical that seems to protect against the body's inflammatory process as it relates to aging, cognition and hearing loss."

The study is published online this week ahead of print in the journal Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery.

Hearing loss affects nearly one in five Americans. For most, hearing steadily declines with age. Noise-induced hearing loss, too, is a growing medical issue among American troops, with more than 12 percent returning home from Iraq and Afghanistan with significant hearing loss.

Noise-induced hearing loss not only impacts a person's ability to hear, it can cause difficulties with sleep and communication, and even raises the risk for heart disease by increasing a person's blood pressure, lipids and blood sugar.

Dr. Seidman and his colleagues have published multiple papers exploring noise-induced hearing loss, as well as the use of resveratrol, a grape constituent noted for its antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties.

The latest study focuses the inflammatory process as it relates to aging, cognition and hearing loss.

It was designed to identify the potential protective mechanism of resveratrol following noise exposure by measuring its effect on cyclooxygenase-2 (or COX-2, key to the inflammatory process) protein expression and formation of reactive oxygen species, which plays an important role in cell signaling and homeostasis.

The study reveals that acoustic over-stimulation causes a time-depended, up-regulation of COX-2 protein expression. And, resveratrol significantly reduces reactive oxygen species formation, inhibits COX-2 expression and reduces noise-induced hearing loss following noise exposure in rats.

"We've shown that by giving animals resveratrol, we can reduce the amount of hearing and cognitive decline," notes Dr. Seidman.

Ultimately, these findings suggest that resveratrol may exert a protective effect from noise-induced hearing loss by the inhibition of COX-2 expression and reactive oxygen species formation, although other mechanism may also be involved.

Funding: National Institute of Deafness and Communicative Disorders

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Story Source:

The above story is reprinted from materials provided by Henry Ford Health System.

Note: Materials may be edited for content and length. For further information, please contact the source cited above.

---

Journal Reference:

1. M. D. Seidman, W. Tang, V. U. Bai, N. Ahmad, H. Jiang, J. Media, N. Patel, C. J. Rubin, R. T. Standring. Resveratrol Decreases Noise-Induced Cyclooxygenase-2 Expression in the Rat Cochlea. Otolaryngology -- Head and Neck Surgery, 2013; DOI: 10.1177/0194599813475777

Note: If no author is given, the source is cited instead.

Disclaimer: This article is not intended to provide medical advice, diagnosis or treatment. Views expressed here do not necessarily reflect those of ScienceDaily or its staff.

Source: http://feeds.sciencedaily.com/~r/sciencedaily/~3/BnDzZkBZUNA/130220131742.htm

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Not just cars, but living organisms need antifreeze to survive

Tuesday, February 19, 2013

If you thought antifreeze was only something that was necessary to keep your car from freezing up in the winter, think again. Plants and animals living in cold climates have natural antifreeze proteins (AFPs) which prevent ice growth and crystallization of organic fluid matter. Without such antifreeze, living matter would suffer from frost damage and even death.

Production of such antifreeze proteins is one of the major evolutionary routes taken by a variety of organisms, including fish, insects, bacteria, plants and fungi. Understanding how this mechanism works is not only significant in itself, but also has important implications for improving the world's food and medicinal production, believe researchers from Israel, Canada and the US who investigated how the process works.

Working on unraveling the AFP enigma were scientists from the lab of Dr. Ido Braslavsky of the Hebrew University of Jerusalem and from Ohio University in the US, in collaboration with Prof. Peter L. Davies from Queens University (Ontario, Canada) and Prof. Alex Groisman from the University of California (San Diego, CA).

Despite half a century of research, the mechanism underlying the activity of the natural antifreeze proteins is still unclear. One of the debates in the academic community regards the chemistry and physics behind the interactions of antifreeze proteins and ice. In particular, there is an ongoing argument over whether the binding of the proteins to ice is reversible and whether continued presence of these proteins in solution is necessary for prevention of ice growth.

The challenge in unraveling these questions stems from a variety of technical problems associated with the growth and tracking of tiny ice crystals in an environment that mimics the surroundings of the antifreeze proteins in nature.

The Hebrew University researchers studied the antifreeze protein of the yellow mealworm. This protein is a hyperactive AFP with a potency to arrest ice growth that is hundreds of times greater than the potency of fish and plant AFPs.

In their study, published in the American journal PNAS (Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences), the international team of researchers biochemically created a fluorescent marker version of the AFP that allowed for direct observation under a microscope lens. They injected this protein into custom-designed microfluidic devices with minute diameter channels.

The microfluidic devices were placed in cooling units engineered with a temperature control at the level of a few thousandth of a degree, so that ice crystals of 20 to 50 micrometers could be grown and melted controllably, all under microscopic observation.

Using their specialized system, the researchers were able to show that ice grown and incubated in an antifreeze solution remains coated with protein and therefore protected. They further showed that the AFPs bind ice directly and strongly enough so as to prevent the ice from growth even after there is no longer any further presence of protein in the solution.

The significance of the findings published in this study is not only on the scientific level but also practical. For example, fish AFPs are already used in low-fat ice cream to prevent ice recrystallization, thereby maintaining a soft, creamy texture. These proteins could be used in other frozen foods for maintaining the desired texture without additional fats, say the researchers.

In medicine, AFPs can be used to improve the quality of sperm, ovules and embryos stored in a frozen state, and for cold or cyropreservation of organs (freezing at extremely low temperatures) for transplantation. They can also be used in cryosurgery and in agriculture.

Other studies on AFPs focus on preparation of recombinant plants and fish with improved survival rates under cold and dehydration conditions. Such recombinant crops may improve food dispersion over the world, the researchers believe.

###

The Hebrew University of Jerusalem: http://www.huji.ac.il

Thanks to The Hebrew University of Jerusalem for this article.

This press release was posted to serve as a topic for discussion. Please comment below. We try our best to only post press releases that are associated with peer reviewed scientific literature. Critical discussions of the research are appreciated. If you need help finding a link to the original article, please contact us on twitter or via e-mail.

This press release has been viewed 49 time(s).

Source: http://www.labspaces.net/126877/Not_just_cars__but_living_organisms_need_antifreeze_to_survive

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Washington County Tower Grant

FEDERAL COMMUNICATIONS COMMISSION

WASHINGTON, D.C. 20554

DA 13-191

February 20, 2013

VIA FACSIMILE, ELECTRONIC MAIL, AND U.S. MAIL

RETURN RECEIPT REQUESTED

Joseph Kroboth, III
Director of Public Works
Washington County Division of Public Works
100 Washington Street, Room 238
Hagerstown, MD 21740-4735
Re: Proposed communications tower
19005 Miller Avenue, Washington County, MD
Washington County Public Safety System
Dear Mr. Kroboth:
By this letter, the Spectrum and Competition Policy Division (Division) of the Wireless
Telecommunications Bureau finds that the tower that Washington County, Maryland (County)
proposes to erect at 19005 Miller Avenue (Miller Avenue tower) will have no adverse effect on
properties that are listed or eligible for listing on the National Register of Historic Places (historic
properties) under Section 106 of the National Historic Preservation Act (NHPA).1 As discussed
below, the West Virginia Division of Culture and History (WVSHPO) asserts that the
presumptive Area of Potential Effects (APE) for the Miller Avenue tower should be expanded
due to its potential adverse effect on historic properties. Two National Park Service units, Harpers
Ferry National Historical Park and Appalachian National Scenic Trail (NPS Units), also assert
that the County should expand the APE. The WVSHPO and the NPS Units further assert that the
Miller Avenue tower will have an adverse effect on historic properties due to its visibility from
two locations in Harpers Ferry National Historical Park (Harpers Ferry NHP). In addition, the
Virginia Department of Historic Resources (VASHPO) belatedly contends that the tower?s
visibility from two vantage points will likely create an adverse effect on historic properties in
Virginia. The County argues that the APE should not be expanded and disputes that the Miller
Avenue tower will have an adverse effect on historic properties.
On March 22, 2012, we directed the County to cease construction until the Section 106
review was completed. We stated that we would review the matter based on the record.2

1 See 16 U.S.C. ? 470f.
2 See Letter from Jeffrey S. Steinberg, Deputy Chief, Spectrum and Competition Policy Division, Wireless
Telecommunications Bureau and Zenji Nakazawa, Deputy Chief, Licensing Division, Public Safety and
Homeland Security Bureau, to Joseph Kroboth, III, Director of Public Works, Washington County, dated
March 22, 2012 (Stop Work Letter).

---

Page 2
We find that notwithstanding the County?s consistent position that the APE should not be
expanded, the County has fully addressed the proposed Miller Avenue tower?s impact on historic
properties outside the presumptive APE. We further find, based on the record, that the tower will
have no adverse effect on historic properties. The Section 106 process is therefore complete, the
Stop Work Letter is lifted, and the County may resume construction of the Miller Avenue tower.

Background

Under Section 106 of the NHPA, federal agencies are required to take into account the
effects of their proposed undertakings on properties included in or eligible for inclusion in the
National Register of Historic Places. Construction of a facility to support FCC-licensed antennas
constitutes a Commission undertaking within the meaning of the NHPA.3 Accordingly, the
Commission?s rules require a licensee or an applicant, prior to constructing a facility, to
determine whether the facility may affect historic properties.4
To determine whether a proposed facility may affect historic properties, an applicant
must follow procedures specified in the Nationwide Agreement that has been incorporated into
the Commission?s rules.5 Prior to any new tower construction activity, an applicant must, among
other things, submit an FCC Form 620 and accompanying submission packet to the pertinent
State Historic Preservation Officer (SHPO).6 The Form 620 evaluates the proposed facility?s
effects on historic properties within the APE. For a tower under 200 feet, the presumed APE for
visual effects is one half mile. 7 However, the SHPO may recommend, and the parties may agree
to, an alternative APE.8
Under the Nationwide Agreement, the SHPO's concurrence with an applicant's
determination of no adverse effect is ordinarily conclusive and completes the Section 106
process.9 Similarly, the SHPO's period to review the FCC Form 620/submission packet is
generally limited to 30 days from receipt, during which period the SHPO may request additional
information if it determines that the submission packet is inadequate.10 The Nationwide
Agreement is designed to achieve finality in the determination of an undertaking's effect within

3 See Nationwide Programmatic Agreement for Review of Effects on Historic Properties for Certain
Undertakings Approved by the Federal Communications Commission, WT Docket No. 03-128, Report and
Order, 20 FCC Rcd. 1073, 1079, para. 19 (2004).
4 See 47 C.F.R. ? 1.1307(a)(4).
5 See id.; Nationwide Programmatic Agreement for Review of Effects on Historic Properties for Certain
Undertakings Approved by the Federal Communications Commission, 47 C.F.R. Pt. 1, App. C (Nationwide
Agreement).
6 See Nationwide Agreement, ? VII.A.1; see also 16 U.S.C. ? 470a(b)(i)(A) (providing for designation of a
SHPO to participate in Section 106 review in each state). The Maryland Historical Trust, the West Virginia
Division of Culture and History, and the Virginia Department of Historic Resources are the designated
SHPOs for Maryland, West Virginia, and Virginia, respectively.
7 See Nationwide Agreement, ? VII.C.4.a.
8 Id. ? VI.C.5.
9 Id., ? VII.C.1.
10 Id., ? VII.A.2, 4.

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specific time frames, and a completed Section 106 review is not subject to reopening because the
SHPO changes its view regarding the information before it.11
Since at least 2006, the County has sought to erect a tower near Pleasant Valley that will
support emergency communications for the County?s first responders, the County?s microwave
system, and space for a future antenna for a statewide 700 MHz public safety system.12 The
County originally proposed a site on Keep Tryst Road near the Potomac River. In the face of
community opposition, the County sought an alternative to minimize the tower?s impact while
meeting coverage needs.13 Ultimately, the County selected the site at 19005 Miller Avenue, also
known as ?Himes Farm.? This site is located close to the junction of Maryland, Virginia, and
West Virginia, just under one mile from the nearest point in Virginia and a little over one mile
from the nearest point in West Virginia.14 It is undisputed that the Miller Avenue site, which is
located in a wooded area, is less visible from historic and scenic areas than the originally
proposed Keep Tryst Road site.15
On December 13, 2010, the County submitted FCC Form 620 to the Maryland Historical
Trust (MDSHPO), the VASHPO, and the WVSHPO. The Form 620 stated that the APE for
visual effects was one-half mile and that the tower would have no adverse effect on historic
properties. The VASHPO recommended that the tower would have no effect on historic
properties in Virginia.16 On February 2, 2011, the MDSHPO found no adverse effect on historic
properties in Maryland.17 The MDSHPO also recommended that the County should protect the
nearby historic ruins associated with the Himes Property/Easton Domestic site from any potential
direct effects during the construction of the Miller Avenue tower.18

11 In the Matter of Wireless Properties, LLC Petition for Declaratory Ruling, Proposed Tower, Missionary
Ridge, Chattanooga, Tennessee, Order, 22 FCC Rcd. 9299, 9304, para.13 (WTB/SCPD 2007), app. for
review pending (Chattanooga Order).
12 See Letter from Joseph Kroboth, III, Director of Public Works, Washington County, to Susan M. Pierce,
West Virginia Deputy State Historic Preservation Officer, dated March 19, 2012, at 1 (stating that site ?is
needed to provide coverage in the rural southern portion of the county and the Potomac River recreational
corridor where significant emergency response activity occurs).
13 See Letter from Joseph Kroboth, III, Director of Public Works, Washington County, to Susan M. Pierce,
West Virginia Deputy State Historic Preservation Officer, dated May 4, 2011 (May 2011 Washington
County Letter).
14 Id. at 1.
15 See Letter from Rebecca L. Harriett, Superintendent, Harpers Ferry National Historical Park and Pamela
Underhill, Park Manager, Appalachian National Scenic Trail, to Tina Rupert, Documents Coordinator,
Washington County Division of Public Works, dated Jan. 14, 2011 (January 2011 NPS Units Letter).
16 See Memorandum from Chris Novelli, Architectural Historian, Virginia Department of Historic
Resources, to Joseph Kroboth, III, Director of Public Works, Washington County, dated October 14, 2010.
17 See Letter from J. Rodney Little, Director and State Historic Preservation Officer, Maryland Historical
Trust, to Joseph Kroboth, III, Director of Public Works, Washington County, dated Feb. 2, 2011 (February
2011 MDSHPO Letter); see also E-mail from Beth Cole, Maryland Historical Trust, to Stephen DelSordo,
Federal Preservation Officer, FCC, dated June 3, 2011 (reaffirming the MDSHPO?s finding).
18 See February 2011 MDSHPO Letter at 2.

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On January 14, 2011, the WVSHPO requested an enlarged APE to assess whether the
Miller Avenue tower would adversely affect historic resources in Harpers Ferry NHP in West
Virginia.19 On March 9, 2011, the County declined to extend the APE, stating that the tower
would be visible in West Virginia only from points that are not recognized as historic.20 On April
12, 2011, the WVSHPO requested further photo simulations from two overlooks in Harpers Ferry
NHP.21 The County provided the further simulations, acknowledging that the tower would be
visible from these locations but again disputing that it would adversely affect historic properties.22
On June 9, 2011, the WVSHPO disagreed with the County?s no adverse effect recommendation
and asked the County to develop mitigation in consultation with the NPS Units.23 Neither party
asked the Commission to resolve the disagreement over expanding the APE.24 Accordingly, the
APE definition and the tower?s potential effect remained unresolved.
In March 2012, the Division received information that, notwithstanding the incomplete
Section 106 review, the County had begun construction on the Miller Avenue tower.
Accordingly, the Division and the Licensing Division of the FCC Public Safety and Homeland
Security Bureau ordered the County to stop work pending completion of the Section 106
review.25 We stated that we would review the record to determine whether the APE should be
expanded and to consider the tower?s potential effect on historic properties.
In addition to the WVSHPO, the NPS Units, which are consulting parties to the Section
106 review, have also requested an expanded APE.26 In a January 2011 letter addressed to the

19 See Letter from Susan M. Pierce, West Virginia Deputy State Historic Preservation Officer, to Joseph
Kroboth, III, Director of Public Works, Washington County, dated Jan. 14, 2011.
20 See Letter from Joseph Kroboth, III, Director of Public Works, Washington County, to Susan M. Pierce,
West Virginia Deputy State Historic Preservation Officer, dated March 9, 2011.
21 See Letter from Susan M. Pierce, West Virginia Deputy State Historic Preservation Officer, to Joseph
Kroboth, III, Director of Public Works, Washington County, dated April 12, 2011.
22 See Letter from Joseph Kroboth, III, Director of Public Works, Washington County, to Susan M. Pierce,
West Virginia Deputy State Historic Preservation Officer, dated May 4, 2011 (May 2011 Washington
County Letter).
23 See Letter from Susan M. Pierce, West Virginia Deputy State Historic Preservation Officer, to Joseph
Kroboth, III, Director of Public Works, Washington County, dated June 9, 2011 (June 2011 WVSHPO
Letter); see also Letter from Susan M. Pierce, West Virginia Deputy State Historic Preservation Officer, to
Joseph Kroboth, III, Director of Public Works, Washington County, dated April 17, 2012 (April 2012
WVSHPO Letter) (reiterating the WVSHPO?s position).
24 See Nationwide Agreement, ? VI.B.6 (when an Applicant and a SHPO cannot agree on the APE
definition, either party may ask the Commission to determine the appropriate APE).
25 See Stop Work Letter, dated March 22, 2012.
26 See 36 C.F.R. ? 800.2(c)(5) (permitting individuals and organizations with a demonstrated interest in the
undertaking to participate in review as consulting parties); Nationwide Agreement, ?? V.F, G (describing
process for interested individuals and organizations to become consulting parties and rights of consulting
parties). Although the NPS Units did not formally request consulting party status, the parties have
consistently treated them as consulting parties throughout the review and accordingly we do so here. The
Chesapeake and Ohio Canal National Historical Park (C&O Canal) was also identified as a consulting party

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County, the NPS Units contended that the APE should be expanded because the tower would be
visible from several vantage points in three states.27 On May 11, 2011, the NPS Units asked the
MDSHPO to reconsider its decision not to expand the APE, stating that the MDSHPO had not
fully considered sites outside the half-mile radius.28 On June 4, 2012, the NPS Units for the first
time addressed the Commission with their concerns. The NPS Units state that the APE should be
expanded because there are known historic resources outside the presumed APE that the NPS
Units say would be adversely affected, that they disagree with the decisions of the VASHPO and
MDSHPO not to expand the presumed APE, that the County should negotiate a Memorandum of
Agreement in response to the WVSHPO?s recommendation of adverse effect, and that the County
has not adequately explained why it cannot shorten the tower or move it to a less conspicuous
location.29
On July 3, 2012, the VASHPO for the first time asserted that, notwithstanding its earlier
finding of no effect, it now believed the proposed tower would likely have an adverse effect on
historic resources in Virginia. In support of this position, the VASHPO cites photographs from a
March 2010 balloon test, which the VASHPO states only recently came to its attention, that show
the tower will be visible above the tree line from one location in Harpers Ferry NHP in Virginia
and below the tree line from another location. The VASHPO also states that in January 2012 it
determined the area between these locations to be a potentially eligible Rural Historic District,
and that the visual impact on this area would likely be similar to that on one of the vantage points
in Harpers Ferry NHP. The VASHPO asks the Commission to encourage the County to consider
ways to reduce or avoid the project?s likely adverse effects.30

Discussion

As required under the Commission?s rules, the County prior to construction completed
FCC Form 620 to consider the proposed undertaking?s effects on historic properties. The
County?s Form 620 and submission packet consider effects on historic properties in Maryland,
Virginia, and West Virginia, and the County submitted it to the SHPOs in all three states. The
VASHPO found that the tower would have no effect on historic properties in Virginia, and the
MDSHPO found no adverse effect on historic properties in Maryland. Under the Nationwide
Agreement, these determinations concluded the Section 106 review for effects in Maryland and

during Section 106 review for the proposed Keep Tryst Road site. However, the C&O Canal has not
participated in review of the Miller Avenue site.
27 See January 2011 NPS Units Letter. Although the NPS Units copied the Commission?s Federal
Preservation Officer, Stephen DelSordo, on this letter, they did not request any action from the
Commission at this time.
28 See Letter from Pamela Underhill, Park Manager, Appalachian National Scenic Trail, and Rebecca L.
Harriett, Superintendent, Harpers Ferry National Historical Park, to J. Rodney Little, Director and State
Historic Preservation Officer, Maryland Historical Trust, dated May 11, 2011. The NPS Units did not copy
the Commission on this letter. The MDSHPO responded to this communication in its e-mail of June 3,
2011. See note 17, supra.
29 See Letter from Rebecca L. Harriett, Superintendent, Harpers Ferry National Historical Park, and
Pamela Underhill, Park Manager, Appalachian National Scenic Trail, to Dan Abeyta, Assistant Chief,
Spectrum and Competition Policy Division, FCC, dated June 4, 2012.
30 See Letter from Christopher V. Novelli, Virginia Department of Historic Resources, to Dan Abeyta,
Assistant Chief, Spectrum and Competition Policy Division, FCC, dated July 3, 2012.

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Virginia.31 Although the VASHPO has now indicated that the proposed tower would ?likely?
have an adverse effect on historic properties in Virginia, the only items of ?new information? it
cites to support its reconsidered position are the results of balloon tests from more than two years
ago and its own recent identification of a potentially eligible Rural Historic District. These events
do not establish a material omission by the County or other failure to complete the foundational
steps of the Section 106 process such as to overcome the earlier determination?s finality.32
Similarly, although the NPS Units state that they ?disagree? with the MDSHPO?s finding, they
have not alleged any misrepresentation or other material defect in the submission that might
invalidate the MDSHPO?s determination. In any event, even if we were to review the
MDSHPO?s and VASHPO?s determinations, we would find no error in their conclusions.
The WVSHPO timely requested that the County expand the presumptive APE to include
properties in Harpers Ferry NHP. The County declined to expand the APE because, it concluded,
the tower would not be visible from any known or recorded historic properties outside the
presumptive APE in West Virginia. If the applicant and the SHPO cannot reach an agreement on
the use of an alternative APE, either party may submit the issue to the Commission for
resolution.33 Although neither party in this instance has asked the Commission to resolve their
disagreement over the APE, we find that the issue is fully joined and that it is in the public
interest for us to consider the matter.
Nonetheless, on these facts, we find that it is unnecessary for us to resolve whether the
APE should be expanded. Although the County stated in its Form 620 that the APE was one-half
mile and has consistently argued against expanding the APE, the Form 620 did fully address the
proposed tower?s effects on properties outside the presumptive APE, including its visibility from
the two lookouts that the WVSHPO has identified. Among other things, the Form 620 discussed
the results of balloon test observations from these locations. Furthermore, in response to the
WVSHPO?s request, the County subsequently created photo simulations from these locations and
provided them to the WVSHPO. Based on this record, the WVSHPO has rendered its opinion
that the tower will have an adverse effect on historic properties. The County has contested this
conclusion. The NPS Units have also had an opportunity to address such effects. While we do
not decide whether the record compels expansion of the presumptive APE, we find that the APE
has in effect been expanded as the WVSHPO requests.
We therefore proceed to address the dispute regarding the proposed tower?s effect on
historic properties.34 Based on our Federal Preservation Officer?s review of the record, we find

31 See Nationwide Agreement ?? VII.B.1, VII.C.1. We note that the MDSHPO did not render its
determination within 30 days of receiving the Form 620 Submission Packet. See id., ? VII.A.2. However,
the County did not choose to forward the Submission Packet to the Commission for review after 30 days,
see id., ? VII.C.2, and it is undisputed that the MDSHPO?s delayed concurrence with the County?s
determination of no adverse effect is valid.
32 See Chattanooga Order, 22 FCC Rcd. at 9304-05, para. 14.
33 See Nationwide Agreement, ? VI.C.5.
34 Id. at ? VII.C.4 (if the applicant and the SHPO do not resolve their dispute as to whether a proposed
facility may have an adverse effect on historic properties, the applicant may submit the matter to the
Commission). Although the County has not formally requested that we resolve the tower?s effect, the
record is complete and the parties? positions are clear. Given the procedural posture and the tower?s public
safety implications, we find it appropriate and in the public interest to resolve the parties? dispute.

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that the proposed tower will not have an adverse effect on historic properties. The WVSHPO
states that the relatively pristine landscape around Harpers Ferry NHP and the Appalachian
National Scenic Trail ?remain[s] an important aspect of their historic integrity,?35 and that the
tower?s visibility from the overlooks in question ?will have a significant visual impact.?36
However, while the lookouts are located within Harpers Ferry NHP, there is no indication that
they are themselves of historic significance. Therefore, the tower?s visibility from these locations
will not diminish the characteristics that qualify any property for listing on the National Register
of Historic Places.37 Because the proposed tower will not have an adverse effect on historic
properties, there is no requirement under the NHPA or the Commission?s rules to consider
alternatives or to complete a Memorandum of Agreement.

Conclusion

The Division has reviewed the County?s Form 620 and submission packet. We have also
reviewed the comments and correspondence from the WVSHPO, VASHPO, MDSHPO, and
consulting parties. The Division finds that the Miller Avenue tower will have no adverse effect
on historic properties. Therefore, the Section 106 process is complete. The Division lifts the
Stop Work Letter and allows the County to resume construction on the Miller Avenue tower. The
Division also concurs with the MDSHPO that the County should protect the Himes property from
any direct effect during construction through appropriate safeguards. This action is taken
pursuant to delegated authority under 47 C.F.R. ? 0.331.
For additional information, please contact Don Johnson at (202) 418-7444.
Sincerely,

Jeffrey S. Steinberg

Deputy Chief
Spectrum and Competition Policy Division
Wireless Telecommunications Bureau

35 See April 2012 WVSHPO Letter at 1.
36 See June 2011 WVSHPO Letter. The NPS Units similarly rely on the tower?s visibility from various
vantage points, without providing details of how the tower would diminish the qualifying characteristics of
historic properties.
37 See Nationwide Agreement ? VI.E.3 (?An Undertaking will have a visual adverse effect on a historic
property if the visual effect from the Facility will noticeably diminish the integrity of one or more of the
characteristics qualifying the property for inclusion in or eligibility for the National Register.?); see also 36
C.F.R. ? 800.5(a)(1) (similar). Since the visibility of the Miller Avenue tower from these vantage points
does not diminish any character-defining feature of eligibility, we do not need to consider the WVSHPO?s
argument that the possibility of future towers or collocations in the area may create a cumulative adverse
effect. See June 2011 WVSHPO Letter. We note that any future towers in the Pleasant Valley area will be
required to complete Section 106 review.

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cc:
Beth Cole, Maryland Historic Trust
Susan M. Pierce, West Virginia Deputy State Historic Preservation Officer
Christopher V. Novelli, Virginia Department of Historic Resources
Pamela Underhill, Superintendent, National Park Service, Appalachian Trail
Rebecca Harriett, Superintendent, National Park Service, Harpers Ferry National
Historical Park

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Source: http://www.fcc.gov/document/washington-county-tower-grant

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